KEY TAKEAWAYS • Narcissistic personality disorder is a recognised mental health condition, not a word for someone who is selfish or vain • It is estimated to affect around 1 to 2 percent of people, more often men • The defining feature is a fragile sense of self hidden behind grandiosity or, in the covert form, behind sensitivity and resentment • Only a qualified professional can diagnose it. Labelling someone from the outside is unreliable and unhelpful •

KEY TAKEAWAYS • Avoidant attachment is a pattern of managing closeness by keeping emotional distance • It is not a lack of feeling. It is usually a learned strategy for coping with needs that were once unmet • There are two main forms: dismissive avoidant and fearful avoidant • It often pairs with anxious attachment, creating a predictable pursue and withdraw cycle • Attachment style is not fixed. People can move toward security through relationships, refl